Research and Other Investigations from China

The Modern Terracotta Army and Chinese Nationalism

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

The military parade for the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China was held on October 1, 2009. It took months of preparation. Over 10,000 troops and all manner of tanks, artillery, missiles, and aircraft processed down the Avenue of Eternal Peace with Chinese Communist Party leaders observing from Tiananmen Gate. The highly coordinated spectacle was one of the largest demonstrations of China’s growing military strength to date, clearly signaling the country’s intentions to take its place amongst the great world powers. The grand symbolic gesture was then immortalized in military museums and theme parks around China, but none more so than the Hengdian National Defense Technology Education Park. It displays an exact replica of every soldier, vehicle, and aircraft that took part in the march. Many of them sport distinguishing features like the Terracotta warriors that still stand testament to the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. The massive diorama stretches for hundreds of meters and celebrates a militant nationalism that continues to seep into the core of Chinese society. China’s emergence as a world power is seen by many as a rightful status reclamation after centuries of humiliation at the hands of the West and other neighboring countries. There is little to stop them either.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

A complete diorama of the military parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China near Hengdian World Studios.

Counterfeit Paradises: Minsk World Aircraft Carrier Theme Park

Tourists pose in front of the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

Chinese nationalism continues to peak with the country’s emerging status as a world power, even if its military technology remains decades behind other nations. In 2012 the People’s Liberation Army christened its first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, which in actuality is a retrofitted Soviet aircraft carrier, the Varyag. Right now the Liaoning is still years away from being fully operational. It was only recently that a Chinese-manufactured J-15 fighter jet successfully landed on and took off from the aircraft carrier. In open battle the Liaoning would be a large, rather useless, sitting target, but symbolically it is still very potent. Such ex-Soviet aircraft carriers also see other uses in China, including the Minsk, which is now part of the Minsk World military theme park near Shenzhen. Here Chinese patrons can wander exhibits extolling the prowess of the People’s Liberation Army and indulge in other martial fantasies. It is the perfect place to fantasize about China’s future military potential, especially with all the saber rattling occurring over the Diaoyu Islands.

A couple poses for wedding photographs on the deck of the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

An attendent walks off the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

Tourists inspect the deck of the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

A tourist poses in front of a fake naval backdrop in a hold on the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

An attendent takes a nap in the cafe at the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

Old military aircraft pepper the deck of the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

A stage set up on the deck of the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

Highrises stand along the shoreline across from the Minsk World aircraft carrier theme park.

DMZ Tourism: North Korea and Hopes of Reunification

A tourist poses with a DMZ sign in front of the DMZ Pavillion.

Easily the most heavily guarded border in the world, the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) with the Military Demarcation Line at its center marks the last line of engagement between North and South Korea when an armistice agreement ended open fighting in 1953. Since then the DMZ remains an open sore on the Korean peninsula and a constant reminder of the tenuous relationship between the ethnically bound but politically split countries. Although numerous incidents have taken the lives of military personal in the DMZ over the years, South Korea now heavily promotes the DMZ as a tourist destination within easy reach of Seoul. Domestic and international sightseers spend the day in the Joint Security Area within plain sight of North Korean guards before hitting up gift shops, the DMZ Pavilion, unearthed North Korean incursion tunnels and other noteworthy sites. Tours then end in Dorasan Station, a modern but unused train station built near the DMZ as a gesture by South Korea to express their wish for peaceful reunification. Such hopes continue to be set back, however, as South Korea is now blaming North Korea for the sinking of a naval ship in March that took the lives of 46 South Korean sailors.

The North Korean guards, in grey uniforms, stand off at the Military Demarcation Line marked by the conrete strip at their feet.A North Korean gaurd post overlooks the Joint Security Area.

Tourists descend 73m/240ft below ground to see the Third Tunnel of Aggresion that was discovered in 1978 by South Korea.Tourists at the DMZ Pavilion watch a film detailing the past of the DMZ.

A strict photo line is enforced at the Dora Observatory overlooking North Korea and the Military Demarcation Line in order to protect sensative South Korean gaurd posts.The "Bridge of No Return" in the Joint Security Area crosses the Military Demarcation Line and was once used for prisoner exchanges between North and South Korea.

Tourists watch a train cross Freedom Bridge on its way into the Joint Secuitry Area.A painting in Dorasan Station depicts a train breaking through the DMZ and reunifying North and South Korea.